1960-1961
From CSI Wiki Farm
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** There are now 3299 telephone companies. | ** There are now 3299 telephone companies. | ||
** Bell Laboratories installs the world's first telephone exchange based on a stored program computer, in Morris, Illinois, USA. Customer trials begin of the world's first electronic telephone central office in Morris, Illinois. | ** Bell Laboratories installs the world's first telephone exchange based on a stored program computer, in Morris, Illinois, USA. Customer trials begin of the world's first electronic telephone central office in Morris, Illinois. | ||
| - | ** American physicist Theodore Maiman demonstrates the generation of a pulse of coherent red light by means of a solid ruby, the first laser. The idea, however, dates back to the days of Albert Einstein. | + | ** May 16, American physicist Theodore Maiman demonstrates the generation of a pulse of coherent red light by means of a solid ruby, the first laser at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu. The idea, however, dates back to the days of Albert Einstein. |
** The first STD call in India introduced between Kanpur and Lucknow. | ** The first STD call in India introduced between Kanpur and Lucknow. | ||
** Echo, the first passive communication satellite is launched. John Robinson Pierce, the man behind the project, feels that future of communication lies in satellites. | ** Echo, the first passive communication satellite is launched. John Robinson Pierce, the man behind the project, feels that future of communication lies in satellites. | ||
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** A major breakthrough for the telephone industry occurred when Bell Laboratories carefully characterized the reflections and echoes from a wide range of telephone line channels, and developed statistical models and sensing techniques that could be used in echo-canceling equipment. From accurate models of the channel, it became possible to invent the equalizer, a signal-processing device that in the early 1960s undid the echoes, and thus greatly reduced the need for signal shaping amplifiers. The cost savings and quality increase was astounding. Echo-cancellation theory was developed in the early 1960s by AT&T Bell Labs, followed by the introduction of the first echo-cancellation system in the late 1960s by COMSAT TeleSystems (previously a division of COMSAT Laboratories). COMSAT designed the first analog echo canceller systems to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of satellite communications networks. Based on analog processes, these early echo-cancellation systems were implemented across satellite communications networks to demonstrate the network's performance for long-distance, cross-continental [[File:Picture31.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Initial Touch Tone Phone]]telephony. These systems were not commercially viable, however, because of their size and manufacturing costs. | ** A major breakthrough for the telephone industry occurred when Bell Laboratories carefully characterized the reflections and echoes from a wide range of telephone line channels, and developed statistical models and sensing techniques that could be used in echo-canceling equipment. From accurate models of the channel, it became possible to invent the equalizer, a signal-processing device that in the early 1960s undid the echoes, and thus greatly reduced the need for signal shaping amplifiers. The cost savings and quality increase was astounding. Echo-cancellation theory was developed in the early 1960s by AT&T Bell Labs, followed by the introduction of the first echo-cancellation system in the late 1960s by COMSAT TeleSystems (previously a division of COMSAT Laboratories). COMSAT designed the first analog echo canceller systems to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of satellite communications networks. Based on analog processes, these early echo-cancellation systems were implemented across satellite communications networks to demonstrate the network's performance for long-distance, cross-continental [[File:Picture31.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Initial Touch Tone Phone]]telephony. These systems were not commercially viable, however, because of their size and manufacturing costs. | ||
** February 1st sees the formation of a new division of the Pacific Bell Company to be known as Pacific Telephone Northwest and to include Oregon, Washington and the northern part of Idaho. | ** February 1st sees the formation of a new division of the Pacific Bell Company to be known as Pacific Telephone Northwest and to include Oregon, Washington and the northern part of Idaho. | ||
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** George Goubau at Army Electronics Command Laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Standard Telecommunication Laboratories begin investigating hollow optical waveguides with regularly spaced lenses | ** George Goubau at Army Electronics Command Laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Standard Telecommunication Laboratories begin investigating hollow optical waveguides with regularly spaced lenses | ||
** On August 3rd, Bell Laboratories scientists carried on a coast-to-coast telephone conversation by "bouncing" their voices off the moon. | ** On August 3rd, Bell Laboratories scientists carried on a coast-to-coast telephone conversation by "bouncing" their voices off the moon. | ||
Revision as of 14:08, 17 December 2011
- 1960
- AT&T Long Lines makes filing with FCC to result in a net decrease in interstate telephone revenues of $3 million annually. A special feature of this filing was a new system for measuring distances to determine rates. The new method - called VH - is based on the use of vertical and horizontal coordinates, permitting a more accurate calculation of distances.
- There are now 3299 telephone companies.
- Bell Laboratories installs the world's first telephone exchange based on a stored program computer, in Morris, Illinois, USA. Customer trials begin of the world's first electronic telephone central office in Morris, Illinois.
- May 16, American physicist Theodore Maiman demonstrates the generation of a pulse of coherent red light by means of a solid ruby, the first laser at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu. The idea, however, dates back to the days of Albert Einstein.
- The first STD call in India introduced between Kanpur and Lucknow.
- Echo, the first passive communication satellite is launched. John Robinson Pierce, the man behind the project, feels that future of communication lies in satellites.
- 10,000 Swedish vehicles have communication radios mounted.
- A major breakthrough for the telephone industry occurred when Bell Laboratories carefully characterized the reflections and echoes from a wide range of telephone line channels, and developed statistical models and sensing techniques that could be used in echo-canceling equipment. From accurate models of the channel, it became possible to invent the equalizer, a signal-processing device that in the early 1960s undid the echoes, and thus greatly reduced the need for signal shaping amplifiers. The cost savings and quality increase was astounding. Echo-cancellation theory was developed in the early 1960s by AT&T Bell Labs, followed by the introduction of the first echo-cancellation system in the late 1960s by COMSAT TeleSystems (previously a division of COMSAT Laboratories). COMSAT designed the first analog echo canceller systems to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of satellite communications networks. Based on analog processes, these early echo-cancellation systems were implemented across satellite communications networks to demonstrate the network's performance for long-distance, cross-continental telephony. These systems were not commercially viable, however, because of their size and manufacturing costs.
Initial Touch Tone Phone
- February 1st sees the formation of a new division of the Pacific Bell Company to be known as Pacific Telephone Northwest and to include Oregon, Washington and the northern part of Idaho.
- George Goubau at Army Electronics Command Laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Standard Telecommunication Laboratories begin investigating hollow optical waveguides with regularly spaced lenses
- On August 3rd, Bell Laboratories scientists carried on a coast-to-coast telephone conversation by "bouncing" their voices off the moon.
- October 21st, AT&T Long Lines files an application with the FCC seeking approval of a space communications experiment using "active" satellites.
- November 1st sees the first market trial of Touch Tone calling undertaken in Findlay, Ohio.
- On November 17th, customer trials begin of the world's first electronic Telephone Central Office in Morris, Illinois.
- December, Ali Javan makes first helium-neon laser at Bell Labs, the first laser to emit a steady beam.
- 1961
- Bell System (January 16th) proposed a new service called TELPAK which would create "electronic highways" between specific points, over which many types of communications could be transmitted.
- On January 18th, the FCC authorizes AT&T to operate experimental radio stations for basic earth-satellite communications study ("Project Telstar").
- January, Charles C. Eaglesfield proposes hollow optical pipeline made of reflective pipes
- May, Elias Snitzer of American Optical publishes theoretical description of single-mode fibers.
- On September 24th, the specially designed cable-laying and repair ship, C.S. Long Lines, is launched at Hamburg, Germany.
- ESS-1 Announced
- Bell Telephone Labs release design information for the touch-tone dial to Western Electric.
