Have a question about networking, telecommunications, broadband, Wireshark, or technology in general? You’ve come to the right place. Our Frequently Asked Questions section provides answers to many of the most common questions we receive about CellStream’s consulting services, technical training programs, online courses, and industry expertise.
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Post Views: 312 This is a frequently asked question, especially from folks who troubleshoot fax in VoIP networks. Until today, I would have said “I have never seen it. That does not mean it can’t be done.” I also would have admitted that it is above my pay grade. But that all changed today. I […]
Can you extract Fax from Packets? Read More »
Post Views: 1,134 This question was sent to me in an email following my posts on regarding TCP CUBIC. The answer is Yes—Microsoft Windows does support TCP CUBIC, but the nuance is in how and when it’s used. For many years, Windows defaulted to Compound TCP (CTCP) rather than CUBIC. Meanwhile, Linux distributions standardized on
Does Windows support TCP CUBIC? Read More »
Post Views: 1,161 This is a great question recently asked by one of our students/clients when we said our usual introductory comments that “No we won’t spam you”, and “No we don’t use the click model on our sites”. Now most of you know, we are a small family business, and have been since day
Why don’t you employ the “click” model on your sites? Read More »
Post Views: 4,936 The 169.254.x.x IPv4 address is called the APIPA address. APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Addressing. It’s a fallback mechanism built into Windows (and most modern operating systems) to give your network interface a “link local” address when it can’t get one from a DHCP server. The APIPA IPv4 Addresses are any
What is the 169.254.x.x IPv4 address? Read More »
Post Views: 2,239 Great question. In one sentence it is a purple tool, meaning both! Wireshark itself is a passive tool, it is non-intrusive — it doesn’t create attacks — but it’s a force multiplier for both Red and Blue Teams depending on who controls the capture point and how the data is used. Let
Is Wireshark a Red Team or Blue Team Tool? Read More »
Post Views: 1,641 This is a common and great question. Simply answered, a wider channel in Wi-Fi results in higher bandwidth and throughput because it allows more data to be transmitted simultaneously. Here’s a breakdown of why: Channel Width and Frequency Space More Subcarriers = More Data Streams More specifically, in a 20 MHz channel,
Why is a Wider Wi-Fi Channel Faster? Read More »
Post Views: 1,338 This has been a common question I get asked over the years. Frankly, I confess that I may have answered differently depending on my mood the day I was asked!! I got asked this again recently and decided to put fingers to keyboard and answer with the plusses and minuses. My answers
Should you get Certified? Read More »
Post Views: 1,814 I get asked this question all the time. It is indeed a great question. I previously posted an answer to this FAQ in 2017 – you can look at that here. I often point folks who ask to that post, but they claim it is ancient history. But is it? So I
If I want to get into Networking, what should I learn in 2025? Read More »
Post Views: 1,631 It’s graduation time. Congrats to all of you graduating!!! It seems that every year around this time someone will ask this great question. In my day, the answer was simple: none! Not anymore. If you’re interested in pursuing a degree in Network Engineering (what I call Network Science) and related technologies, several
Where can I get a degree in Network Engineering? Read More »
Post Views: 14,403 Great question. The short answer is Yes – Starlink supports IPv6. Starlink is fully dual stack when it comes to IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It is IPv6 capable and supports native IPv6 connectivity across all its routers, kit versions, and service plans. This includes the allocation of a /56 IPv6 prefix via
Does Starlink Support IPv6? Read More »
Post Views: 8,034 Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT), also known as Large Scale NAT (LSN), is a network technology used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to extend the usability of the limited IPv4 address space by sharing a small pool of public IPv4 addresses among many customers. Why CGNAT Exists How CGNAT Works Technical Characteristics Challenges/Problems with
Post Views: 1,329 Hi everyone. This relatively easy question came in today: “How do I find out the IP address of a particular web site?” The simplest way that most folks will remember is to use something called “Ping”. Ping is a basic network tool that checks if a computer or device is reachable over
How To Find the IP Address of a Web Site Read More »
Post Views: 2,488 Yes, VPN applications do protect your traffic. A VPN is like wearing a costume or a mask because it masks your real identity and location (for the most part anyway), just like a costume or mask hides who you are in real life. That said, someone sold you the mask, so they
Post Views: 3,313 I often bring up the following point in classes I teach on Internet Fundamentals: did anyone see the application TikTok before it arrived on the scene? Ofcourse the answer is no. I then usually follow up with: did anyone adjust traffic capacity planning for the arrival of an application like TikTok? Again,
How Much of the Internet Traffic is TikTok? Read More »
Post Views: 13,202 Back in 2018 (I think) I was becoming increasingly aware of the QUIC protocol in my and other’s packet captures and I immediately dug in and wrote about it. As of recent data (now Feb 2025), QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) is experiencing significant adoption across the internet. Websites have implemented QUIC,
An update on QUIC Adoption and traffic levels Read More »
