I have seen a bunch of posts about IP version 8 supplanting IPv6. Let’s sort this out a bit. I think a full listing of the IP version numbers is needed as a backdrop. The Internet Protocol (IP) has evolved through a sequence of versions during its research, testing, and operational deployment phases. Not all […]
IP Version Clarification and IPv8 Read More »
The 169.254.x.x IPv4 address is called the APIPA address. APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Addressing. It’s a fallback mechanism built into Windows (and most modern operating systems) to give your network interface a “link local” address when it can’t get one from a DHCP server. The APIPA IPv4 Addresses are any address in this
What is the 169.254.x.x IPv4 address? Read More »
Great question. The short answer is Yes – Starlink supports IPv6. Starlink is fully dual stack when it comes to IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It is IPv6 capable and supports native IPv6 connectivity across all its routers, kit versions, and service plans. This includes the allocation of a /56 IPv6 prefix via DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
Does Starlink Support IPv6? Read More »
Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT), also known as Large Scale NAT (LSN), is a network technology used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to extend the usability of the limited IPv4 address space by sharing a small pool of public IPv4 addresses among many customers. Why CGNAT Exists How CGNAT Works Technical Characteristics Challenges/Problems with CGNAT Alternatives to
I get asked for this list all the time, so I thought I would just post it. There are others of course, so see the bottom of this post for some others, but if I had to just pick 10, these would be the ones. Links below will send you to Amazon, where if you
The Top Ten Networking Books for Reference Read More »
The nslookup command is a built-in network administration tool available on Windows, macOS, and many Linux distributions. It is used to query DNS servers to retrieve information about domain names, IP addresses, and DNS records. Basic Syntax: nslookup [hostname] [DNS server] Components: Common Use Cases: Example Output: Query a Domain: nslookup example.com Output: Server: dns.googleAddress:
What is the ‘nslookup’ command, and how can I use it? Read More »
The dig command, short for “Domain Information Groper,” in Linux or MacOS is a command-line tool used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers. The command is a lot like nslookup, but at the same time it is different. If you are a Windows user, you have to use nslookup. For a reference on nslookup
What is the ‘dig’ command, and how can I use it? Read More »
Network Address Translation (NAT) and Network Port Address Translation (NPAT) are not considered a security function because its primary purpose is to modify the L3 network address information in IPv4 packet headers and L4 port numbers of TCP or UDP while in transit. NAT and NPAT are not needed in IPv6 networking. NAT is primarily
Why are NAT/NPAT not a security function? Read More »
I just wanted to make a quick post on a conversation I couldn’t help but jump in on in the Network Engineering Professionals group on LinkedIn. Truthfully I ignore a lot of errors – and there are a lot of errors and incorrect statements/drawings/diagrams etc. that I simply do not understand how they make it
Subnetting Tools can be Wrong! Read More »
CellStream, Inc. – Telecom Consulting and Training! 2-Day Instructor Led Hands On Lab ClassAvailable in either Web Based delivery or On-Site DeliveryMinimum 10 students – Maximum 16 students Course Description: This is an advanced L2 Ethernet and TCP/IPv4 course that leverages Wireshark and packet capture, to not only visualize,
CSI-HO-039 – Hands On Advanced Ethernet and TCP/IPv4 Read More »
CellStream, Inc. – Telecom Consulting and Training! 4-Day Instructor Led Hands On Lab Class Available in either Web Based delivery or On-Site Delivery Minimum 10 students – Maximum 16 students Course Description: This is an advanced L2 Ethernet and Netmask course that leverages Wireshark and packet capture to not only visualize but to learn
CSI-HO-038 – Hands On Advanced Ethernet and Netmask Read More »
Yes yes, you can always use an IPv4 calculator to determine the IPv4 subnet addresses, and most of these are free. If you want to dig deeper into how IPv4 subnetting works, check out how I have always done this by hand. My IPv4 Subnetting Illustrated method is extremely helpful in certification classes, interview questions/tests
IPv4 Subnetting Illustrated Read More »
CellStream, Inc. – Telecom Consulting and Training! 2-Day Instructor Led Hands On Lab Class Available in either Web Based delivery or On-Site Delivery Minimum 10 students – Maximum 16 students Course Description: Having a good knowledge of Network Security in Wireless and TCP/IP networks is extremely important for anyone in the service provider business. Knowledge
CSI-HO-029 – Hands-On Security in IP Networks/Protocols Read More »
Check out these additional IPv6 Resources: Our IPv6 overview course at Udemy Our IPv6 Custom Profiles for Wireshark Our IPv6 classes at the Online School A major change in the behavior of IP networks between IPv4 and IPv6 is that in IPv6 networks, all hosts are required to support something called Path MTU (PMTU) discovery.
IPv4/IPv6 Path MTU (PMTU) Discovery Demystified Read More »
What exactly is the purpose of the IP ID field? This is actually a great question. While many have tried to answer the question in various articles on the Internet, I thought the question deserved a clear answer to the question. RFC 6864 updated RFC’s 791, 1122, and 2003 to clarify the definition of the
The Purpose of the IP ID Field Demystified Read More »
