Author name: Andrew Walding

Andrew Walding is the founder and president of CellStream, Inc., bringing more than 30 years of experience in telecommunications, broadband networking, Internet technologies, and technical education. His expertise spans network engineering, wireless and wireline communications, packet analysis, network operations, emerging technologies, and the design and delivery of advanced technical training programs. A Cisco-certified professional, IPv6-certified specialist, and CBRS Certified Professional Installer (CPI), he helps organizations and technology professionals understand, deploy, troubleshoot, and optimize modern communications networks.

Top 12 Network Troubleshooting Tools

Post Views: 2,843 For all my troubleshooting network friends, I have compiled a list below of the top software-based network troubleshooting tools that you need to have and know. It you want to add hardware to your toolkit – have a look at our “Go Bag“ If you want to know more about the commands

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Which Version of TCP are you using?

Post Views: 8,396 So often in Wireshark videos and classes we spend a lot of time on TCP behavior. But what I am about to discuss is hardly ever brought up. The answer to version is simple right? Version 4. OK, kind of right, but overlooking too much. The truth is that there are multiple

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Recognizing WLAN Retransmissions is a Critical Skill

Post Views: 4,505 Retransmissions of frames in WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) can become problematic for several reasons, primarily due to the nature of the wireless medium. While retransmissions are a necessary part of ensuring data integrity in unreliable networks, they can cause inefficiencies and degrade network performance. I will get to the details below,

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The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Calculation

Post Views: 18,337 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of how strong a signal is compared to the background noise in a communication system. It is typically expressed in decibels (dB). The higher the SNR, the clearer and more reliable the signal. I often get asked, how is signal to noise calculated. Frankly the math

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Automatically Switch Configuration Profiles in Wireshark

Post Views: 14,061 As most of my readers, students, and clients know, I absolutely love Wireshark. I deeply am infatuated with Wireshark’s Profiles, more properly called configuration profiles. So much so that many years ago now, I set up the first Wireshark Profiles Repository. 100’s of thousands of downloads have resulted, and I hope I

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A Wi-Fi 7 Tri-Band USB Adapter now available on Amazon

Post Views: 2,258 That’s right folks. I have been searching and searching. I actually gave up for a while as the only thing available was PCIe based adapters. Well that all changed with a search today and this showed up: Here is the link. This will go through my Amazon Associate link – if you

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What is, and how can you use hping3?

Post Views: 13,250 A CLEAR WORD OF CAUTION – ONLY USE THIS TOOL WHERE YOU HAVE PERMISSION. THIS ARTICLE IS OFFERRED FOR LEARNING PURPOSES ONLY. Hping3 is a network tool designed for packet crafting and analysis, similar to Scapy but with a more command-line-oriented interface. It is often used for testing and troubleshooting network infrastructure,

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What are some examples of Physical Layer Threats in Networking?

Post Views: 5,579 A great question in my two day Security class recently. The physical layer (Layer 1) of the layered model is responsible for the transmission of raw data bits over a communication medium. Although it is often considered more secure due to its reliance on physical components, it is still vulnerable to a

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